Mu myaka ya za 1940, abubatsi b'Abadage bavumbuye ko ibiranga kwifata no guhumeka ikirere biranga ibyuma bitangiza amazi ya asfalt hamwe n’ibikoresho bitarinda amazi byatumye ubushuhe busigaye mu nyubako ya beto bufungwa muri iyo nyubako, kandi imyuka y’amazi mu nyubako ya beto ntishobora gusohoka. . Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibibyimba bikura hejuru yinzu no kurukuta, kandi ikirere cyimbere murugo nubuzima bwabantu birabangamiwe cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inganda z’ubwubatsi z’Abadage zatangiye gukoresha ibisenge byinjira mu gisenge kugira ngo zisimbuze ibyuma byizirika hamwe n’ibitambaro byo kwirinda amazi. Uyu musego winjira mu kirere ushyirwa hejuru y’igisenge kugira ngo imyuka y’amazi y’ikibaho gisakaye gisohore vuba. Sohoka, bityo wirinde kororoka.
Ukurikije amateka yaranze icyo gihe, imyumvire yabantu yo kubaka ingufu zingufu ntabwo yari ihagije. Hamwe n’ikibazo cy’ingufu ku isi mu myaka ya za 70, ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika byitaye cyane ku kibazo cyo kubaka ingufu. Inzobere mu bijyanye n’ingufu zavumbuye ko nubwo ubu bwoko bwo kwisiga buhumeka butuma imyuka y’amazi yo hejuru y’igisenge cya beto isohoka kandi igakemura neza ibibazo by’ubushuhe n’ibibumbano, imyuka myinshi y’amazi isohoka mu cyuma cyiziritse, nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwibikoresho byangiritse byangiritse cyane.
Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, impuguke z’ishyirahamwe ry’imyubakire y’Abanyamerika n’Abanyakanada zavumbuye ko guhuza imyuka y’amazi mu nkuta z’inyuma no hejuru y’inzu y’inyubako bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’ibikoresho by’imyubakire ndetse n’igihe kirekire cy’imiterere y’uruzitiro, biganisha kuri imikurire. Impamvu nyamukuru itera ububobere ni amazi yicyiciro cyamazi namazi yicyuka cyinjira mumiterere y ibahasha hifashishijwe umwuka winyuma winyubako. Kuva icyo gihe, inyubako zimwe na zimwe zo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zatangiye gukoresha ibyuma bitarinda amazi, bikabishyira hanze y’urwego rw’imisemburo nka sisitemu yo gutwikira inyubako kugira ngo inyubako n’amazi bikomera, ariko iyi membrane idafite amazi ntabwo ihumeka, hamwe n’umwuka w’amazi. imiterere y'ibahasha iracyafite ubushobozi bwo gutandukana. Ntushobora gukemura burundu ikibazo cyubushuhe.
Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi n’ubumenyi bukomeje, impuguke mu nganda z’ubwubatsi mu Budage no muri Amerika zaje kuvumbura ko umusego w’igisenge winjira mu kirere wahinduwe uhindurwamo ibikoresho bitarimo ibyuma byinjira nk’imyuka iva mu kirere hejuru y’igisenge, ku buryo imyuka y'amazi yo guteramo igisenge cya beto yagumishijwe buri gihe. Irashobora gusohorwa ku rugero runaka, igabanya umuvuduko wo gusohora imyuka y’amazi kuva ku gisenge cya beto kugeza ku cyerekezo cyihariye; ukoresheje icyuma gihumeka kitagira amazi nka sisitemu yo gutwikira inyubako (nyuma yiswe icyuma kitagira amazi gihumeka neza) kugirango wirinde kwinjirira mumazi ya feri na fomu biva hanze yinyubako Muri icyo gihe, ubuhehere buri murwego rwabigenewe burasohoka vuba. . Gukoresha hamwe inzitizi ziva mumyuka hamwe na membrane itagira amazi kandi ihumeka ishimangira imbaraga zo guhumeka ikirere hamwe n’amazi akomeye y’inyubako, ikemura ikibazo cy’ubushuhe no kwirinda ibumba, kandi ikarinda neza imikorere y’ubushyuhe bw’imiterere y’uruzitiro, bityo ukagera ku ntego yo kuzigama gukoresha ingufu.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, igisubizo kitagira amazi kandi gihumeka cya membrane cyatejwe imbere cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere mu Burayi no muri Amerika, kandi cyakoreshwaga cyane mu nyubako zituwemo na rusange. Kubaka amazi adahumeka kandi ahumeka byari bizwi nk "inzu ihumeka". Ikirangantego kitagira amazi kandi gihumeka gishyirwa kumurongo kugirango ukingire neza. Ntibikenewe gusuka beto nziza yamabuye kumurongo. Gutezimbere gahunda bigabanya ikiguzi cyubwubatsi. Ubuyapani, Maleziya ndetse n’ibindi bihugu na byo byagiye bikurikirana ikoranabuhanga ryaturutse mu Budage no muri Amerika, kandi ritangira kubyaza umusaruro no gukoresha amashanyarazi adahumeka kandi ahumeka.
Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma y’Ubushinwa yitaye cyane ku kubaka ingufu z’ingufu, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho iterambere ry’ibisubizo by’amazi adahumeka kandi bihumeka mu gihugu cyanjye, anashyiraho "Imiterere y’inyubako y’amazi adahumeka kandi ihumeka", "Icyapa cy’icyuma , Sandwich Ikibaho cyo hejuru hamwe ninyubako yo kubaka Urukuta "Nubundi budasanzwe
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15-09-21